Trill
Definition. A rapid alternation between a written note and the note above it, indicated by *tr* or a wavy line.
Detailed Explanation
The trill is one of the most common ornaments in Western music. It is a rapid alternation between a written note and the note immediately above it (usually a step away), indicated by tr or a wavy line over the note. The effect is a shimmering, oscillating ornamentation that emphasizes the principal note.
Trill execution varies by era and style. In Baroque music, trills typically begin on the upper note (the ‘upper auxiliary’) and alternate; in Classical and Romantic music, they more commonly begin on the principal note. The speed of the alternation depends on the tempo and character — slow trills sound expressive; fast trills sound brilliant.
The trill often ends with a small ‘turn’ figure: alternation, then a brief turn around the principal note, then resolution. This turned ending provides a sense of rhythmic completion. The exact performance of trills is a major topic of ornamentation studies — period and style determine the right approach.
Etymology
Italian trillo (‘trill’), of imitative origin.
In Practice
Decide on trill execution before performing. Period style matters: Baroque trills usually begin on upper note; Classical and Romantic on the principal. End with a turn unless context indicates otherwise.
Notable Examples
- Bach — Goldberg Variations (extensive trill writing)
- Beethoven — Late piano sonatas (elaborate trills, especially in Op. 111)
Related Terms
Opposite Of
Frequently Asked Questions
What does Trill mean in music?
A rapid alternation between a written note and the note above it, indicated by tr or a wavy line.
Where does the word Trill come from?
Italian trillo (‘trill’), of imitative origin.
How is Trill performed in practice?
Decide on trill execution before performing. Period style matters: Baroque trills usually begin on upper note; Classical and Romantic on the principal. End with a turn unless context indicates otherwise.
What are common abbreviations for Trill?
Trill is commonly abbreviated as tr.
What musical terms are related to Trill?
Related terms include: Mordent, Turn, Appoggiatura, Tremolo.
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