Bass Clef

The bass clef (also called the F clef) is the notation symbol that fixes the fourth line of the staff as F below middle C. The clef’s two dots flank that line, anchoring the staff’s pitches to F. The symbol itself is a stylized form of the letter ‘F’.

The bass clef is used for lower-pitched instruments: cello, double bass, bassoon, trombone, tuba, baritone and bass voices, and the left hand of piano music. Music for these instruments is typically written in bass clef, allowing pitches in their normal range to fit on the staff without excessive ledger lines.

Reading the bass clef requires recognizing the line marked as F (fourth line from the bottom) and locating other pitches by interval. Lines from bottom to top: G, B, D, F, A (Good Boys Do Fine Always). Spaces from bottom to top: A, C, E, G (All Cows Eat Grass).

English, ‘bass’ from Latin bassus (‘low’). ‘Clef’ from French/Latin clavis (‘key’).

On the bass clef staff, lines from bottom to top are G, B, D, F, A (Good Boys Do Fine Always). Spaces from bottom to top spell A, C, E, G (All Cows Eat Grass).