Time Signature

The time signature is a pair of numbers placed at the beginning of the staff (after the clef and key signature) that indicates the meter of the music. The top number specifies the number of beats per measure; the bottom number indicates the note value that receives one beat.

Common time signatures include 4/4 (four quarter notes per measure — also indicated by the symbol C), 3/4 (three quarter notes — typical of waltzes), 6/8 (six eighth notes, felt in two beats of three), and 2/2 or alla breve (two half notes per measure — also indicated by the cut-time symbol 𝄵).

Time signatures fundamentally shape the feel of the music. Duple meters (2/4, 4/4) feel marching; triple meters (3/4, 9/8) feel dancing; compound meters (6/8, 12/8) feel swinging. Composers choose time signatures to express the music’s essential rhythmic character.

English, descriptive — the ‘signature’ of the time/meter.

Read the top number for beats-per-measure, the bottom for the unit of beat. The time signature establishes the underlying pulse and grouping; align your phrasing and articulation accordingly.