Tremolo

Tremolo, abbreviated trem., is a technique of rapid repetition. There are two main types: single-note tremolo (rapid repetition of one pitch) and fingered tremolo (rapid alternation between two pitches, usually a third or larger interval apart).

On bowed strings, single-note tremolo is produced by rapid back-and-forth bow strokes — the bow oscillates quickly while staying on a single string. Fingered tremolo on strings combines two notes that the player alternates rapidly with the left hand. On piano, tremolo is produced by rapidly alternating fingers between two notes.

The effect is dramatic and atmospheric. Tremolo strings underpin countless suspenseful passages in Romantic and film music. The technique can range from soft, atmospheric shivering to loud, urgent quaking — composers use it for everything from creating mystery to building tension.

Italian, ‘trembling’, from Latin tremulus (‘shaking’).

On strings, keep the bow stroke small and fast — speed matters more than length. On piano, alternate the fingers smoothly without forcing. Maintain even rhythm throughout.