Fórmulas y símbolos de acordes
Cómo se construyen los acordes: cada fila muestra un tipo de acorde con C como fundamental, con su símbolo, su nombre completo, sus notas y su estructura de intervalos en semitonos. Haz clic en un símbolo para abrir la página completa del acorde con digitación e inversiones.
| Símbolo | También escrito como | Notas (desde C) | Semitonos |
|---|---|---|---|
| Do | DoM, DoΔ, Domaj, DoMajor | Do, Mi, Sol | 0–4–7 |
| Dom | Do-, Domin, DoMinor | Do, Mi♭, Sol | 0–3–7 |
| Do+ | Doaug, DoAugmented | Do, Mi, Sol♯ | 0–4–8 |
| Dob5 | DoMb5, DoΔ-5 | Do, Mi, Sol♭ | 0–4–6 |
| Do° | Domb5, Domo5, Dodim, DoDiminished | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭ | 0–3–6 |
| Dosus2 | Do2 | Do, Re, Sol | 0–2–7 |
| Dosus2b5 | Do2-5, Dosus2-5 | Do, Re, Sol♭ | 0–2–6 |
| Dosus4 | Dosus, Do4, Doadd4 | Do, Fa, Sol | 0–5–7 |
| Do5 | Do, Sol | 0–7 | |
| Dosus24 | Dosus42 | Do, Re, Fa, Sol | 0–2–5–7 |
| Do2 | Doadd2, Doadd9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Re | 0–4–7–14 |
| Dom#5 | Do-#5 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♯ | 0–3–8 |
| Domsus2 | Do-sus, Dominsus | Do, Re, Mi♭ | 0–2–3 |
| Dom2 | Domadd2, Domadd9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Re | 0–3–7–14 |
| Do6 | DoM6, Domaj6 | Do, Mi, Sol, La | 0–4–7–9 |
| Do6m | Domin6 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, La | 0–3–7–9 |
| Do6/9 | DoM6/9 | Do, Mi, Sol, La, Re | 0–4–7–9–14 |
| DoM♯11 | DoM+11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Fa♯ | 0–4–7–18 |
| Do7 | Dodom | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭ | 0–4–7–10 |
| DoM7 | DoMa7, Doj7, DoΔ7, DoΔ, Domaj7 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si | 0–4–7–11 |
| DoM7b5 | DoMa7b5, Doj7b5, DoΔ7b5, DoΔb5, Domaj7b5 | Do, Mi, Sol♭, Si | 0–4–6–11 |
| DoM7sus2 | DoMa7sus2, Doj7sus2, DoΔ7sus2, DoΔsus2, Domaj7sus2, Domajor7sus2 | Do, Re, Sol, Si | 0–2–7–11 |
| DoM7sus4 | DoMa7sus4, Dosus7, Doj7sus4, DoΔ7sus4, DoΔsus4, Domaj7sus4, Domajor7sus4 | Do, Fa, Sol, Si | 0–5–7–11 |
| DoM7sus24 | DoMa7sus24, Doj7sus24, DoΔ7sus24, DoΔsus24, Domaj7sus24, Domajor7sus24 | Do, Re, Fa, Sol, Si | 0–2–5–7–11 |
| Dom7 | Do-7, Domin7 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭ | 0–3–7–10 |
| Do57 | Do, Sol, Si♭ | 0–7–10 | |
| DomM7 | Dom#7, Do-M7, Do−Δ7, Do−Δ, Dominmaj7 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si | 0–3–7–11 |
| DomM7b5 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si | 0–3–6–11 | |
| Do+M7 | Do+Δ, DoM7♯5, DoM7+5, DoΔ♯5, DoΔ+5, Doaugmaj7 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si | 0–4–8–11 |
| Do+7 | Do7♯5, Do7+5, Doaug7 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si♭ | 0–4–8–10 |
| DoØ | DoØ7, Doø, Doø7, Dom7b5, Dom7°5, Do−7b5, Do−7°5, Domin7dim5, Domin7b5 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭ | 0–3–6–10 |
| Doo7 | Do°7, Dodim7 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭♭ | 0–3–6–9 |
| Do7b5 | DoM7b5, DoM7b5, DoM7b5, Dodom7dim5 | Do, Mi, Sol♭, Si♭ | 0–4–6–10 |
| Do7♯9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re♯ | 0–4–7–10–15 | |
| DoM7♯9 | DoMa7♯9, DoΔ7♯9, DoΔ♯9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re♯ | 0–4–7–11–15 |
| Dom7♯9 | Do-7♯9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Re♯ | 0–3–7–10–15 |
| Do7b9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re♭ | 0–4–7–10–13 | |
| DoM7b9 | DoMa7b9, DoΔ7b9, DoΔb9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re♭ | 0–4–7–11–13 |
| Dom7b9 | Do-7b9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Re♭ | 0–3–7–10–13 |
| DomM7b9 | Dom#7b9, Do-M7b9, Do−Δ7b9, Do−Δb9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si, Re♭ | 0–3–7–11–13 |
| Do+M7b9 | Do+Δb9, DoM7♯5b9, DoM7+5b9, DoΔ♯5b9, DoΔ+5b9 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si, Re♭ | 0–4–8–11–13 |
| Do+7b9 | Do7♯5b9, Do7+5b9 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si♭, Re♭ | 0–4–8–10–13 |
| DoØb9 | DoØ7b9, Doøb9, Doø7b9, Dom7b5b9, Dom7°5b9, Do−7b5b9, Do−7°5b9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭, Re♭ | 0–3–6–10–13 |
| Doo7b9 | Do°7b9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭♭, Re♭ | 0–3–6–9–13 |
| Do7b5b9 | Do, Mi, Sol♭, Si♭, Re♭ | 0–4–6–10–13 | |
| Do7/6 | Do7, 6 | Do, Mi, Sol, La, Si♭ | 0–4–7–9–10 |
| Do7/6sus2 | Do7, 6sus2 | Do, Mi, Sol, La, Si♭, Re | 0–4–7–9–10–2 |
| Do7/6sus4 | Do7, 6sus4 | Do, Mi, Sol, La, Si♭, Re, Fa | 0–4–7–9–10–2–5 |
| Do7/6sus4 | Do7, 6sus4 | Do, Mi, Sol, La, Si♭, Re, Fa | 0–4–7–9–10–2–5 |
| Do7sus4 | Do7sus, Do11 | Do, Fa, Sol, Si♭ | 0–5–7–10 |
| Do7sus2 | Do, Re, Sol, Si♭ | 0–2–7–10 | |
| Do7sus24 | Do, Re, Fa, Sol, Si♭ | 0–2–5–7–10 | |
| Do7♯11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Fa♯ | 0–4–7–10–18 | |
| Do7b13 | Do7-13 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, La♭ | 0–4–7–10–20 |
| DoM7♯11 | DoΔ7♯11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Fa♯ | 0–4–7–11–18 |
| Dom7♯11 | Do−7♯11 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Fa♯ | 0–3–7–10–18 |
| Do7susb13 | Do7sus°13 | Do, Fa, Sol, Si♭, La♭ | 0–5–7–10–20 |
| DoM9 | DoΔ9, Domaj9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re | 0–4–7–11–14 |
| Do9 | Do7/9, Do79, Do97, Dodom9 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re | 0–4–7–10–14 |
| DomM9 | Do-M9, Dominmaj9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si, Re | 0–3–7–11–14 |
| Dom9 | Do-9, Domin9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Re | 0–3–7–10–14 |
| Do+M9 | Doaugmaj9 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si, Re | 0–4–8–11–14 |
| Do+M7♯9 | Do+Δ♯9, DoM7♯5♯9, DoM7+5+9, DoΔ♯5♯9, DoΔ+5+9 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si, Re♯ | 0–4–8–11–15 |
| Do+9 | Do9#5, Doaug9 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si♭, Re | 0–4–8–10–14 |
| DoØ9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭, Re | 0–3–6–10–14 | |
| DoØb9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭, Re♭ | 0–3–6–10–13 | |
| Do°9 | Dodim9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭♭, Re | 0–3–6–9–14 |
| Do°b9 | Dodimb9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭♭, Re♭ | 0–3–6–9–13 |
| Do+7♯9 | Do7♯5♯9, Do7+5+9 | Do, Mi, Sol♯, Si♭, Re♯ | 0–4–8–10–15 |
| DoM11 | DoΔ11, Domaj11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re, Fa | 0–4–7–11–14–17 |
| Dom11 | Do-11, Domin11 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa | 0–3–7–10–14–17 |
| DomM11 | Do-M11, Dominmaj11 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si, Re, Fa | 0–3–7–11–14–17 |
| Do7♯9♯11 | Do7+9+11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re♯, Fa♯ | 0–4–7–11–15–18 |
| Dom11b5b9 | Dom11°5b9, Do−11b5b9, Do−11°5b9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol♭, Si♭, Re♭, Fa | 0–3–6–10–13–17 |
| Dom11b9 | Do−11b9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Re♭, Fa | 0–3–7–10–13–17 |
| DoM9♯11 | Do9+11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re, Fa♯ | 0–4–7–11–14–18 |
| Do11 | Dodom11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa | 0–4–7–10–14–17 |
| DoM13 | DoΔ13, Domaj13 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si, Re, Fa, La | 0–4–7–11–14–17–21 |
| Dom13 | Do-13, Domin13 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa, La | 0–3–7–10–14–17–21 |
| Do13 | Dodom13 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa, La | 0–4–7–10–14–17–21 |
| Do13(no9) | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Fa, La | 0–4–7–10–17–21 | |
| DomM13 | Do-M13, Dominmaj13 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Si, Re, Fa, La | 0–3–7–11–14–17–21 |
| Do11sus | Do9sus4 | Do, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa | 0–7–10–14–17 |
| Do11sus♯13 | Do11susadd♯13 | Do, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa, La♯ | 0–7–10–14–17–22 |
| Dom6/9 | Dom6, 9 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, La, Re | 0–3–7–9–14 |
| Do9♯11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa♯ | 0–4–7–10–14–18 | |
| Do13♯11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Si♭, Re, Fa♯, La | 0–4–7–10–14–18–21 | |
| Doadd11 | Do, Mi, Sol, Fa | 0–4–7–17 | |
| Domadd11 | Do, Mi♭, Sol, Fa | 0–3–7–17 |
Cómo leer las fórmulas de acordes
Una fórmula de acorde describe qué intervalos apila un acorde sobre su fundamental. Una tríada mayor es 0–4–7 semitonos (fundamental, tercera mayor, quinta justa); una tríada menor rebaja la tercera: 0–3–7. Los acordes de séptima añaden una tercera encima: Cmaj7 es 0–4–7–11, C7 es 0–4–7–10.
La misma fórmula sirve desde cualquier fundamental: transpón los desplazamientos en semitonos a otra fundamental y obtendrás el mismo tipo de acorde en otra tonalidad. Usa esta tabla junto con las páginas de escalas para saber qué acordes encajan en una tonalidad.
Preguntas frecuentes
¿Qué es una fórmula de acorde?
Una fórmula de acorde es el conjunto de intervalos, normalmente escrito en semitonos o grados de la escala, que define un tipo de acorde con independencia de su fundamental; por ejemplo, mayor = 0–4–7 semitonos (1–3–5).
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre C7 y Cmaj7?
C7 (séptima de dominante) usa una séptima menor: C–E–G–B♭ (0–4–7–10). Cmaj7 usa una séptima mayor: C–E–G–B (0–4–7–11). La diferencia de un solo semitono cambia por completo la función del acorde.
¿Cómo uso las fórmulas de acordes en otras fundamentales?
Suma los mismos desplazamientos en semitonos a cualquier fundamental. Una tríada menor (0–3–7) desde A da A–C–E; desde F♯ da F♯–A–C♯. El tipo de acorde se mantiene, solo cambia la altura.
